Fighting an existential war: Experts explain how this Israel-Iran conflict differs from 12-day war
By Danielle Greyman-Kennard
Published on March 2, 2026.
Experts have highlighted key differences between the Israel-Iran conflict and the 12-day war, which began in June, including changes in military tactics and regional stability. Israel and the United States have targeted Iran harder and across a wider swath of territory in recent days, according to data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). The scope of retaliation has also shifted, with Tehran expanding its response to neighboring countries and US bases across the region. The regime is concerned about not having ammunition or launchers to see the conflict through, and the attacks on neighbors are a gamble to pressure the US to end the attacks. The aims of the war are primarily to change within the regime, not a new system of governance, with predictions that Iranian politician Ali Larijani may become president or take control, but the chances of Iran emerging into a liberal democracy are slim.
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