Juan Carlos Valencia González, a California-born American citizen, is reportedly leading Mexico's most powerful drug cartel, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel. His citizenship could potentially shield him from intelligence tools used to defeat his predecessor, Nemesio "El Mencho" Oseguera. The State Department has offered a $5 million reward for information leading to his arrest or conviction since 2021. A federal grand jury in Washington, D.C., indicted him in 2020 on drug conspiracy and firearms charges. The situation also complicates a Supreme Court challenge to birthright citizenship.