Italy's population has stabilised after a 12-year decline, largely due to immigration offsetting a decrease in birth rate. The country's resident population stood at 58.94 million on January 1, nearly unchanged from the previous year, according to the National Statistics Agency (Istat). Births dropped to 355,000 in 2025, a record low since 1861, while deaths remained steady at 652,000. Fertility fell further to an average of 1.14 children per woman, among the lowest levels in Europe and below the replacement rate of 2.1.