The UK is facing potential shortages in refined oil products, particularly diesel and jet fuel (kerosene), due to a decrease in refining capacity. This has been attributed to a 41% drop in U.K. refinery output between 2000 and 2024, with BP and Shell exiting the market by 2011 due to poor investment returns, lack of government support for refinery upgrades, higher carbon and energy costs, and lower demand for some products as Britain moves towards net-zero. The House of Commons Library reports that refinery closures have also contributed to the decline in refining power. Despite this, Britain remains self-sufficient in some products, most notably petrol. However, its dependence on imported kerosene has increased due to refinery closures.