Active-duty U.S. Army soldiers have begun openly refusing orders to deploy to the escalating war against Iran, calling it 'an illegal war of aggression'. The refusals, estimated in the low thousands so far but growing rapidly, represent the most significant military dissent since Vietnam. Some soldiers have invoked Nuremberg principles and the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) Article 92 (lawful orders only). The Pentagon has placed multiple units on lockdown and court-martials and proceedings have already begun. The refusal could disrupt deployment timelines and force reliance on reserves or contractors. If proven widespread, it could cause a significant fracture between the commander-in-chief and the force, leading to Congress to act.