Italian historian Ivan Malara has discovered a copy of Ptolemy’s Almagest, an influential text from the 2nd century that canonized geocentrism, a concept that Earth lies at the center of the universe. The discovery was made in a 1551 copy of the book, which was confirmed by leading Galileo scholars as likely from the great astronomer. The AlMagest's notes were likely written around 1590, 20 years before Galileo's observation of the Moon and Jupiter, and roughly 40 years before he was placed under house arrest for heresy. Malara's discovery suggests that Galileo's early scientific contributions to astronomy were more nuanced than previously thought.