Scientists have been trying to find out what caused the universe to "turn on," a period known as the "cosmic dawn," when it began pumping out radiation that changed the state of the universe. This radiation was so intense that it transformed the universe into visible light. Astronomers used data from the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope to discover a swarm of tiny dwarf galaxies in a region of space known as Abell 2744, which were found to produce far more high-energy radiation than expected. The discovery suggests that the cosmic light switch may not have been a few dominant forces, but a large crowd of small ones.