A study suggests that Neanderthals may have used birch tar, a viscous substance derived from birch bark, as a glue and to treat wounds up to 200,000 years ago. The researchers used this substance to create and use spear points on handles in a process known as hafting. They recreated this birchtar using the ingredients and processes used by the Neanderthal ancestors. They also tested the tar for its antibacterial properties, but it was not as effective as the common antibiotic Gentamicin. The findings suggest that ancient populations used this type of treatment for wounds or skin conditions at risk of infection. This ancient knowledge may help fight antibiotic-resistant and hospital-acquired infections, particularly against S. aureus, which is resistant to all current antibiotics and causes around 500,000 hospitalizations in the US every year.