Cambian refugee Pheap Rom, who served a 15-year prison sentence for attempted murder in Pennsylvania, was sent to Eswatini, Africa, where he was held for months without legal status, charges, and limited ability to challenge his confinement. Critics argue that this outsourcing detention to foreign governments with records of human rights abuses and unclear legal protections. Since January 2025, the Trump administration has formed third-country removal agreements with at least 27 countries in Africa and Latin America, according to the Migration Policy Institute. Human Rights Watch, a New York-based nonprofit watchdog, said these agreements were arbitrary and put at risk of hundreds of people at risk. The Department of Homeland Security said Rom received due process and was originally removed to Thailand, where Rom has no citizenship.