Grayscale's head of research, Zach Pandl, has stated that the challenge to solving the quantum threat to Bitcoin could be more social than technical, especially if the community fails to resolve contentious issues such as the issue of old dormant coins, particularly those held in early P2PK addresses. Pandl argues that Bitcoin uses a lower risk model and uses a UTXO model and proof-of-work consensus, does not have native smart contracts, and certain address types are not quantum vulnerable. The Bitcoin community has three main options for dealing with these issues: burning the coins, slowing their release from vulnerable addresses, or doing nothing.