A recent study by the University of Southern California, led by Jorge Nieva, found that eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can increase the risk of lung cancer. This claim contradicts decades of evidence-based nutrition guidance. The study was presented at the American Association for Cancer Research conference and has not yet been peer reviewed. Experts have criticized the study's conclusions, stating it was small, had no appropriate control group, used groupings that were arbitrary, and jumped to speculation based on no data.