California's "No Vigilantes Act," which required ICE agents to wear visible identification on their clothing, was deemed unconstitutional by a three-judge appeals court panel. The panel, which included one Obama-appointed judge and two appointed by President Donald Trump, found that California lawmakers and their Democratic governor had overstepped when it comes to the law of the land. The court cited Article VI, Clause 3 of the Constitution as the reason for the decision, stating that federal laws supersede state laws. The judge stated that the Act does not regulate conduct that any ordinary citizen could perform, but it applies exclusively to law enforcement agencies and their officers.