Japanese soccer fans have been seen cleaning up stadiums after World Cup games, starting in 1998 and continuing every four years. The tradition began at the World Cup in Qatar in 2022, and it is expected to continue when Japan opens play in June with group games in Arlington, Texas, and Monterrey, Mexico. The clean-up, which involves cleaning up empty food, shredded paper wrappers, and cups, has been praised by non-Japanese fans and academics alike. The Japanese concept of "meiwaku" suggests that leaving rubbish in a stadium would not be a bother to others. Many Japanese elementary schools lack janitors and public waste is often taken home, which can keep public sidewalks clean and prevent vermin. However, critics argue that the culture of Japanese soccer fans is more restrictive than the ones of the West.