Iran's "Axis of Resistance" (anti-Israel and anti-Western alliance of regional militias backed by the Islamic Republic, was weakened by Israel's military response to the 2023 Hamas attack and regional repercussions. The alliance was weakened when Israel launched a decapitation campaign against several Iranian allies following the Hamas attack, resulting in the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar and Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. However, several armed groups allied with Tehran are returning to pressuring Iran’s enemies by opening new fronts that complicate the war and threaten to choke the global economy. While these allies are serving Tehran's interests, they also have political motivations of their own.