Bitcoin can survive 72% of the world's submarine cables being cut, but a targeted attack on five hosting providers could cripple it
By Shaurya Malwa
Published on March 14, 2026.
Researchers at the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance have published the first longitudinal study of Bitcoin's resilience to physical infrastructure disruption, analyzing 11 years of peer-to-peer network data against 68 verified submarine cable fault events. The study found that between 72% and 92% of the world's inter-country submarine cables would need to fail simultaneously before Bitcoin experiences significant node disconnection. The researchers also found an asymmetry between random and targeted attacks, with targeting the top five hosting providers requiring just 5% of routing capacity to achieve the same impact. The findings suggest that while Bitcoin can easily survive, a targeted attack on the cables with the highest betweenness centrality, those that serve as chokepoints between continents, could cause significant damage. The research also highlighted the shift towards censorship-resistant infrastructure without central coordination.
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