Historians have traditionally attributed the blame for male infertility to women, with Henry VIII blaming his first two wives for multiple miscarriages, stillbirths, or neonatal mortalities. This trend continues even though male factors such as sperm volume, speed, or shape of sperm contribute to infertility about 50 percent of the time. Historian Jennifer Evans, author of Men’s Sexual Health in Early Modern England, found written descriptions of male infertility in historical sources, suggesting that both genders were at a disadvantage. From ancient Egypt to the 14th century, people have suspected that male reproductive disorders exist and sought ways to treat them. Many fertility remedies were often directed at male partners, but many took a more traditional approach.