The US Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) has criticised Mexico's energy sector framework, raising a range of concerns that it alleges disadvantage U.S. energy companies. The criticism was published in the 2026 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, which was submitted to President Donald Trump and the U.K. Congress. The report comes as part of the review of the USMCA, which superseded NAFTA in 2020. It highlights that Mexico's focus is on reinstating the primacy of its state-owned electric utility, Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), and state-run oil and gas company, Mexican Petroleum (PEMEX). The USTR also criticizes regulations for the Hydrocarbons Sector Law that prohibit certain logistical flexibility and operating costs for USS companies, increasing increases in costs for PEMEX. It also notes that Mexico has changed its energy regulatory agency and established a new agency under the supervision of SENER.