Norwegian man, known as the "Oslo patient," underwent a stem cell transplant from his brother after discovering that his brother carried a rare genetic mutation that could resist HIV. The operation was closely monitored by researchers from Oslo University Hospital and cleared all traces of functioning HIV DNA four years after the transplant. The patient was able to stop his HIV medication two years after, with still no evidence of viral rebound at 5 years post-HSCT. This case provides valuable evidence to the existing knowledge base regarding HIV cure cases. However, bone marrow stem cell transplants are not a viable or practical option for a full HIV cure as they are risky reboots of the immune system. The researchers are now working to compare existing cases of HIV cure to identify the most effective combination of biomarkers.